Agglomerated ores, pig iron, ferro-alloys, and steel products exported to the EU.
Calculate my Iron & Steel exposure →Emissions scope
Direct only
GHGs covered
CO₂
Functional unit
Tonnes product
Indirect electricity
Excluded — Annex II
Under EU CBAM, iron and steel exporters must report direct embedded emissions only. Indirect emissions from electricity consumption are explicitly excluded under Annex II of the applicable EU regulation. Only emissions from fuel combustion and process reactions within the installation boundary are included.
Indicative typical intensities, for comparing routes at an order of magnitude. These are not regulated values and not the EU default values: those are published per country and per CN code in IR (EU) 2026/1740 Annex I, are generally higher, and are the figures a declarant actually uses. Look up the published default for your CN code →
~2.10 tCO₂e/t indicative
Most common globallyTraditional integrated steelmaking using iron ore and coal. Highest emissions intensity of all routes.
~0.45 tCO₂e/t indicative
Lower emissionsSteel produced from recycled scrap using electric arc. Significantly lower direct emissions than BF-BOF.
~1.10 tCO₂e/t indicative
Growing routeIron ore reduced using natural gas then melted in EAF. Intermediate emissions — lower than BF-BOF, higher than scrap EAF.
Use the free sector calculator to estimate your CBAM certificate costs based on your production route and export volume.
Use the free calculator →The platform
Free for 21 days first — one installation, reports watermarked until you subscribe. 30-day money-back on your first payment, no per-report charge, support included.