Aluminium is Bahrain's primary CBAM-covered export. Alba — one of the world's largest single-site aluminium smelters — gives Bahrain significant EU carbon cost exposure as CBAM phases in.
Bahrain's CBAM exposure is concentrated almost entirely in aluminium. Aluminium Bahrain (Alba), operating since 1971, is among the world's largest aluminium smelters with a capacity exceeding 1.5 million tonnes per year. Bahrain exports unwrought aluminium, extrusions, rolled products and fabricated aluminium goods to Europe. Bahrain has published country-specific default values for aluminium (primary route, route K) and hydrogen.
Carbon pricing in Bahrain: Bahrain does not operate a domestic carbon pricing mechanism, emissions trading scheme, or carbon tax applicable to CBAM-covered goods.
No carbon price has been paid in Bahrain on the production of CBAM-covered goods. Bahraini exporters pay the full CBAM certificate cost on embedded emissions above the sector benchmark. No qualifying scheme exists as of 2026.
Bahrain's aluminium sector — dominated by Alba — faces direct CBAM exposure on all EU-bound exports above 50 tonnes per year. The published default for unwrought aluminium from Bahrain is 2.057 tCO₂e/t (with 2026 mark-up), under the primary aluminium route. Alba's actual grid-connected smelting process will need verified emissions data to demonstrate whether actual performance is above or below this default. Given the scale of exports, the certificate cost differential between default and verified data is commercially significant.
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Request Assessment →Default values sourced from IR 2025/2621 (EU Commission). Net costs are illustrative — actual liability depends on verified embedded emissions, SEFA benchmark deduction, and the applicable CBAM phase-in factor. Not legal or compliance advice.